𝐒𝐉𝐖𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐃𝐮𝐧𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐏𝐚𝐮𝐥 𝐚𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 "𝐔𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐌𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐲 𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐲"
In Frank Herbert’s original 1965 novel, Paul is
an unbeatable ninja hand to hand fighter
a human calculating supercomputer
a genetically engineered male witch with a Voice that must be obeyed
a seer with the ability to predict the future
a matchless military strategist
the chosen one of multiple interlocking prophecies
all of the above. He probably shits gold too while flowers spring up where he walks. Why the hell not?
Superman has super breath and even super-hypnosis in some iterations, but even when he’s muscling planets around, he looks like a pallid also-ran next to Paul, who spends his days ruling the universe, not foiling bank robberies. No wonder everyone in Dune is always staring at Paul open-mouthed and thinking about how awesome he is. Even Jessica, Paul’s mother, is overwhelmed, musing about how she’s “trained [his] intelligence … but now she found herself fearful of it.” Paul is amazing; Paul is terrifying. Be amazed and terrified, reader!
But why is Paul so ridiculously amazing and terrifying? The answer is pretty straightforward. It’s because he’s white.
Dune is basically a long, tripped out, ecstatically bloated reiteration of the Mighty Whitey trope. A Mighty Whitey is a European or white character who adopts the culture of indigenous people, becoming their king and gaining near mystical powers along the way. James Fenimore Cooper’s Natty Bumppo, a white man who adopted the ways of Native Americans and became the most strong and noble of them all, is an early example. Other iterations include Tarzan, the comic strip character the Phantom, C3P0 among the Ewoks, Dr. Strange (who goes to Tibet to learn Eastern magic and ends up being better at it than any Tibetans) and Iron Fist (who goes to the East to learn martial arts and ends up being better at it than … well, you know the drill.)
Dune is set in the far future, but Herbert wasn’t coy about drawing parallels with earthbound colonial narratives. Paul is a noble duke from a planet with a temperate climate. Though it’s the far future, he’s associated with a European-style noble tradition. He’s also the product of a centuries long breeding experiment, so he’s effectively a perfect eugenic specimen. He goes to Arrakis, a desert planet whose inhabitants, the Fremen, are persistently linked to Arabs. Their culture includes both the hajj and jihad.
The Freemen, are portrayed with the familiar tropes of noble savages. When they find out just how cool he is, they quickly make him their leader and worship him. This isn’t a one time thing for the Fremen, either; before Paul, their previous leader/god figure was an off-world ecologist named Liet, who, in Herbert’s words “had gone native.”
The Mighty Whitey trope suggests that a white person dumped among less white people will automatically become a king and a god. But in Dune, as in other Mighty Whitey stories, there’s a bit more going on. Paul’s whiteness makes him an object of worship for the Fremen.
This makes sense if you see Mighty Whitey’s might as a metaphor for imperialism. White people grow wealthy and powerful by subjugating other peoples and extracting their resources.
Paul’s divinity and power comes from his ability to capitalize on the resources and pain of others. On the surface, Mighty Whitey characters are superior because of their whiteness. But dig a little deeper, and their powers are borrowed or, more accurately, stolen. They are godlike because they’ve appropriated the labor and wealth of others. Paul claims to be wracked with guilt because he sees a future in which he leads the Fremen in a path of bloody destruction across the universe. But really the guilt is for his present glory, built on blood and a deceit that the story won’t, and can’t, quite acknowledge.