[quote]Nobody assumed two women embracing were lesbians so why leap to presuming 2 men touching = gay lovers.
There are two reasons for this: first, male homosexuality was much more common in the Roman world than lesbianism. There is not a single figure in Roman history known to have been a lesbian - not even malicious gossip in that sense exists. On the other hand, the number of male Romans known to have expressed homosexual desire is enormous - too large to count here. I don't think it is bad practice to interpret vestiges left by past civilizations on the basis of our knowledge of it, and according to our knowledge of Roman society today, homosexuality was more common among men than among women, and therefore, the chances of finding a pair of bodies belonging to a male couple should be greater than that of a female couple.
And secondly, it seems that among the Romans, women expressed their friendship with more physical demonstrations than men, as in the present day, with no sexual relationship being implied.
There is a passage in the Roman novel "Satyricon" which depicts two women lying on a divan-like thing during a party. The two are the wives of two men: one is the wife of the host (Trimalchio) and the other is the wife of a guest.
The first time I read this passage, I thought the novel would finally depict a lesbian affair, which had not happened until then. The book brims with sexuality but until then, the only acts depicted or desires voiced were, either between males, or heterosexual.
But nothing too intimate happens among the two women: they just start talking about their jewelry or something like that. Indeed, despite the fact that the book is obsessed with sex, that female desire receives much attention in its pages, and that women (like men) are portrayed as sexually adventurous, sometimes perverted even, there is not a single case of lesbianism in the whole story.
On the other hand, when Trimalchio welcomes one of his male slaves during the party, kissing him several times, this act is immediately seen by the guests and by his wife as sexual, and she responds to what she sees with a fit of jealousy and by throwing an ashtray to his face.